Abstract
Evidence exists regarding the association between advanced glycation end products and different cardiovascular disease subclinical processes, such as arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the evidence regarding the association of arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity and atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence. A systematic search was performed using: MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science, until 30 March 2020. Cross-sectional studies or baseline data from prospective longitudinal studies were considered. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to calculate the pooled estimates of correlation coefficients and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence. Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, including 6306 subjects. The pooled correlation coefficient was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.31) for pulse wave velocity and skin autofluorescence, and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.38) for carotid intima media thickness and skin autofluorescence. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a synthesis of the evidence showing a positive weak association of pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness with skin autofluorescence.
Highlights
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of molecules that, through non-enzymatic glycation reactions and stimulation of oxidative stress [1,2], are involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [3]
12 studies evaluating the association between pulse wave velocity (PWv) and skin autofluorescence (SAF) and 17 studies evaluating the association between carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) and SAF were identified and considered in the meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a synthesis of the evidence, showing a positive weak association between PWv and SAF, and between C-IMT and SAF
Summary
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of molecules that, through non-enzymatic glycation reactions and stimulation of oxidative stress [1,2], are involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [3]. Evidence suggests that the accumulation of AGEs in tissues, measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF) [4], increases with age and smoking [5], as well as in individuals with high levels of inflammation or diabetic conditions [6]. AGEs are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis and some chronic diseases, such as chronic renal failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and diabetes mellitus [2,5,7]. AGEs have been associated with endothelial dysfunction and early vascular aging [6]. Public Health 2020, 17, 6936; doi:10.3390/ijerph17186936 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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