Сardiac tumors. Literature Review and the Clinical Case

Abstract

Сardiac tumors are a rare pathology with a polymorphic clinical picture and the complexity of intravital diagnosis. All neoplasms of the heart are divided into primary benign (75% of all primary tumors) and malignant (25%), and secondary malignant tumors. Most cases among primary cardiac tumors are myxomas, which are more often localized in the left atrium (in 75% of cases). In addition to cardiac myxoma, a group of nonmyxomatous benign heart tumors is distinguished: rhabdomyomas, fibromas, lipomas, leiomyomas, angiomas, neurinomas and others. Primary malignant neoplasms are mainly represented by sarcomas. Secondary (metastatic) neoplasms occur 13–40 times more often than primary tumors. Clinical manifestations of cardiac tumors depend on the infringement of inflow or outflow from the affected heart chambers, the presence of an embolic syndrome, the general reaction of the organism to a tumor. Echocardiography is the main research method for the initial diagnosis of cardiac tumors, which pelps to determine the size of the tumor, localization, attachment site, mobility, the relationship with the valve apparatus and the character of hemodynamics. Modern methods of research use magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Treatment of benign heart tumors is surgical. In the treatment of malignant tumors, three methods are used: surgical, radiation and chemotherapy. The article presents the clinical case of a patient with a left atrial and pericardial tumor without obstruction of blood flow.