Abstract

AbstractThis chapter presents and analyses the institutionalization of Arctic shipping governance arrangements. It is expected that in the nearby future three Arctic shipping governance arrangements will emerge, related to the opening of three possible shipping routes: the Northeast Passage/Northern Sea Route, the Northwest Passage and the Transpolar Sea Route. These three Arctic shipping governance arrangements institutionalize within the dominant discursive space that shipping in the Arctic is a legitimate activity under the conditions and rules of environmental protection and human safety as formulated in the Polar Code. These governance arrangements differ in types of shipping, the actors involved and the availability of resources, related to the geographical area of the route, and the natural circumstances. The chapter concludes that the future liquid institutionalization of Arctic shipping governance arrangements shows characteristics of Type II liquid institutionalization.KeywordsArctic shipping; Northeast Passage; Northern Sea Route; Northwest Passage; Transpolar Sea Route; Arctic governance setting; Polar Code; Arctic Council; Arctic states; China

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