Arctic science diplomacy: main theoretical approaches

Abstract

This article examines the main theoretical approaches that have been developed by the present-day political science to the study of the Arctic science diplomacy (ASD) phenomenon: – The technical/instrumentalist approach considers ASD as an equivalent of international scientific and technical cooperation and a means of its expansion. – The second approach believes that ASD is a tool of "soft power" aimed at promoting a positive image of regional players. – The third approach interprets ASD as a form of public diplomacy, the strategic goal of which is not only to develop scientific ties and strengthen a country’s positions in the Arctic, but also to solve the most significant problems of the region and improve the international situation at large. – Unfortunately, with the start of a new phase of the Ukrainian crisis in 2022, the interpretation of ASD as an instrument of "power" policy aimed at weakening the positions and discrediting Russia and China in the High North is gaining strength in the West.