ARCHIVAL MATERIALS ABOUT KAZAKH BATYRS(XVIII - FIRST HALF OF XIX CENTURIES)

Abstract

This article describes reliable historical archival materials about Kazakh batyrs (knights, heroes) from the XVIII century to the first half of the XIXcenturies. All historical events of that century are revealed according to the archival data of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan and partly from the archives of China, which has been carefully studied in a collection of archival documents.For each sheet, inventory and documents of archival funds, a multifaceted scientific analysis was carried out, which, as far as possible, shows us the socio-political picture of that century of the Kazakh people.This deeply focused research on the archives gives us the opportunity to get to know more closely the life and political activities of the institute of batyrs (knights, heroes-auth.) and this in the future will open to us various scientific research topics on the historical personalities of the khans (kings), sultans (lord) and batyrs (knights, heroes-auth.) of the Kazakh people. Carrying out scientific research on archival materials about Kazakh and batyrs (knights, heroes-auth.) from the XVIII-XIX centuries we will open new pages about the military-political and social situation of the nomadic people of the Great Steppe, as well as the daily life of unexplored heroic personalities who influenced the outcome of historical events in a difficult period for the people. The article also explores the skillful and exciting diplomatic relations of the Kazakh elite with Tsarist Russia and Qing China. Also, scientifically commented on the excellent military potential of some influential Kazakh khans, sultans, biys (judicial and political figures of the Kazakhs-auth.) and batyrs (knights, heroes-auth.) In general, a scientific article conveys to us a whole complex of social and military-political background of the XVIII-XIX centuries of the Kazakh people and with its heroic faces, deeds that from time immemorial have merged from mouth to mouth into folk poetic epics. We want to note to the foreign audience that the ethnonym "Kirghiz" in this article means the ethnonym "Kazakh". Kyrgyz in those days (XVIII-XIX c.) were called in Russian "zakamenniye Kirgizy"or "diko-kamenniye Kirghizy" and the Kazakhs were simply called "Kirghiz" or "Kirghiz-Kaisaks". So in this article we noted it as [Kirghiz (Kazakh-auth.)] in order not to confuse the Kazakhs with the Kyrgyz. The article was prepared as part of the implementation of the project AP08052271 «New declassified Russian archives about unknown pages of the life and work of Kazakh khans, sultans, batyrs (XVIII - first half of the XIX centuries».