Abstract
Glaciotectonic studies are an integrated part of the Quaternary geological research carried out by the Danish geological survey. Almost all the hilly areas in Denmark were created or affected by glaciotectonic deformations, and the features are included in the mapping of surface near deposits. For the mapping and support of constructing 3D geological models a classification of architecture of glaciotectonic complexes is suggested. The important elements for classification of architecture are the surfaces. Four orders of surfaces are defined for glaciotectonic complexes: first-order surfaces are décollement surfaces and glaciotectonic unconformities; second-order surfaces are ramps and flats—the thrust faults; third-order surfaces are folded beds—anticlines and synclines; and fourth-order surfaces are small scale folds and faults—kink bands, conjugate faults, box folds, etc. The most important first-order surface is the décollement surface. This surface limits the glaciotectonic complex at its base and controls the extent of glaciotectonic disturbances. Below this surface, ordinary flat lying planar bedding occurs, whereas above the surface a number of structures are present characteristic of second- to fourth-order elements in the glaciotectonic architecture. The other first-order surface is the topographic top of the glaciotectonic complex, which eventually may be replaced by a truncating unconformity.
Highlights
Denmark is part of the low land area of southern Scandinavia, which repeatedly served as a “dump area” for glacial deposits during the Pleistocene glaciations
The other first-order surface is the topographic top of the glaciotectonic complex, which eventually may be replaced by a truncating unconformity
A classification of glaciotectonic architecture is suggested, and four orders of surfaces are defined for the description of glaciotectonic complexes: First-order surfaces are the décollement surface and the top of the complex, which can be a glaciotectonic unconformity, the recent terrain surface or succeeding deposits covering an erosional unconformity
Summary
Denmark is part of the low land area of southern Scandinavia, which repeatedly served as a “dump area” for glacial deposits during the Pleistocene glaciations. The deposition in the glaciodynamic sequences of Pedersen [1] was mainly related to the proglacial development, which due to the progressive advance of the ice front resulted in glaciotectonic deformation and creation of glaciotectonic complexes. The size of these complexes is up to 100 km with a depth down to 300 m. A number of former classifications of glaciotectonism are based on geomorphology and glacial geology dynamics [5,6] In this presentation a classification is suggested for the internal structure of glaciotectonic complexes, which is here regarded as their architecture. The contribution aims at clarifying the definition and application of architecture in glaciotectonic complexes
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