Architecture of Delta Plain Deposits in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework: The Upper Carboniferous of Eastern Kentucky

Abstract

Fluvio-deltaic sequences of the Upper Carboniferous Four Corners formation in the Appalachian basin of eastern Kentucky are reinterpreted using sequence stratigraphic techniques. A data set of correlated large-scale road-cut exposures and continuous coring records was processed and used in a three-dimensional (3-D) reservoir modeling program in order to obtain a detailed model of the 3-D architecture of the stratigraphic succession. The architecture of the sediment bodies is related to the position within the depositional system. The 140-m-thick Four Corners formation comprises three facies associations, which are cyclically organized. The boundaries between the cycles are formed by erosive surfaces, and are developed as lowstand incised valleys. A subsequent base-level rise resulted in the infilling of these valleys with amalgamated stacked channel deposits (early transgressive systems tract). Flood plain aggradation and extensive peat accumulation occurred during progressive rise (transgressive systems tracts). Marine flooding took place in the upper part of the sequence (late transgressive systems tract) and was followed by prograding mouthbar deposits during base-level stabilization (highstand). The sequence stratigraphic approach to these Upper Carboniferous cyclothems highlights the importance of relative sea level changes and may improve our understanding of sediment body geometries and architecture, resulting in more accurate predictive geological reservoirmore » models of the subsurface.« less