Architectural perspectives of human trigger variables on user safety in public stadia situated in south-east and south-south zones of Nigeria

Abstract

User safety is one of the major challenges in public stadia in South-East and South-South zones of Nigeria. Literature abounds with studies on crowd safety in stadia, but the impact of human triggers on user safety in public stadia situated in the study area has not been studied. Users in these stadia are exposed to safety risks which could be stimulated by human triggers. This paper focused on the phenomenon of triggers and aimed to systematically investigate potential triggers of stampede and resultant emotional reactions in crowded public stadia in the study area with a view to developing a framework for improved performance of the stadia. The objective of the study was to examine the extent human triggers in public stadia affect user safety in the South-East and South-South zones of Nigeria. The data were collected using survey instruments derived from direct operationalization of the Table of variable definition to ensure the reliability and validity of the study. The data was analysed using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings were that human triggers significantly impact on user safety in public stadia in the study area, while recommendations were that effort must be made by all stakeholders to minimize human triggers that promote frequency of movement difficulties in the stadia.