Architectural design assessment of Javan leopard rehabilitation facility regarding the occurrence of stereotypical pacing

Abstract

The Javan leopard is an apex predator with a key role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem, in which it’s population are declining due to habitat loss, illegal wildlife trade, and human-animal conflict. Although efforts in rescuing Javan leopards are actively made, not all rescued Javan leopards can be released back to the wild. Some must go through rehabilitation process in captivity, due to physical injuries. One issue regarding leopards in captivity is the risk of them developing stereotypical pacing, a repetitive stereotypic behaviour due to stress in confinement as one of the sign of zoochosis. Zoochosis itself is a mental illness in animals. Zoochosis will definitely interfere with the success of rehabilitation process. Therefore, cases of zoochosis such as in zoos must not occur in rehabilitation facilities. A further understanding of animal’s needs and behaviour is needed and must be implemented in the design of the enclosure. Not only to prevent zoochosis, but also to improve and promote the natural behaviour of the Javan leopard. This study aims to analyse how the design of an enclosure correlates to Javan leopard’s behaviour. Through methods of observation and evaluation of rescued Javan leopards at a rescue center in Sukabumi, by studying the overall facility design and the behaviour of the leopards. Results shows that the rescue center enclosure provide more natural environment with live foliage, sunlight, minimal noise disturbance, hiding spots, and able to simulate hunting behaviour during feeding time. The leopards housed shows no significant sign of zoochosis.