Architectural-archaeological research and the hypothesis of the development of pre-local Drohobych in the XII-XIII centuries

Abstract

Architectural and archaeological studies of preserved architectural monuments emphasise the continuity of development, succession, and originality of the culture of each nation. The research aims to highlight the results of architectural and archaeological surveys at the foundations of the wooden architectural monument - the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Drohobych, as well as to develop the hypothesis of the city's urban genesis. According to the analysis of literary sources, seven construction periods have been identified since the church was built in 1613. The sounding method showed that the first foundations were standards, which were installed in pits on the cut surface of the continent, often with stone slabs, and covered with soil. The system of double slabs fixed under the altar crown of the log house is considered archaic. During the third and fourth construction periods, some of the stands were replaced, and a stone foundation supported by a wide base of slabs was built under the northwestern corner of the main log cabin. In 1823, the altar log cabin and the southern façade of the building were supported by a ribbon structure of stone foundations. No banded foundations were found under the western base of the chancel and the northern base of the nave. The lower gallery of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is supported by a system of foundations and smaller stands. Within the fourth probe, a deep archaeological site was localised with a ceramic sherd in the fill dating to the princely period. The analysis of several features and stratigraphic features of the fill gives grounds to interpret the object as the remains of a semi-hut of this period. Based on the location of the first immovable object, an attempt is made to clarify one of the hypotheses of the urban development of Drohobych from the unfortified initial settlement of salt workers on the right bank of the Pobuk in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, through its gradual development into a proto-city settlement of the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries in the present Zvarytske suburb to the foundation of a new locational centre in the fourteenth/fifteenth centuries on the free adjacent territory