Abstract
Mycoremediation is an on-site remediation strategy, which employs fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants from the environment. The present work focused on the bioremediation of soils contaminated with zinc by the use of a native mycorrhizal fungi (AM) called Funneliformis geosporum (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Schüßler. Experiments were performed using Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gemmeza-10 at different concentrations of Zn (50, 100, 200 mg kg-1) and inoculated with or without F. geosporum. The results showed that the dry weight of mycorrhizal wheat increased at Zn stressed plants as compared to the non-Zn-stressed control plants. The concentrations of Zn also had an inhibitory effect on the yield of dry root and shoot of non-mycorrhizal wheat. The photosynthetic pigment fractions were significantly affected by Zn treatments and mycorrhizal inoculation, where in all treatments, the content of the photosynthetic pigment fractions decreased as the Zn concentration increased in the soil. However, the level of minerals of shoots, roots, and grains was greatly influenced by Zn-treatment and by inoculation with F. geosporum. Treatment with Zn in the soil increased Cu and Zn concentrations in the root, shoot and grains, however, other minerals (P, S, K, Ca and Fe) concentration was decreased. Inoculation of wheat with AM fungi significantly reduced the accumulation of Zn and depressed its translocation in shoots and grains of wheat. In conclusion, inoculation with a native F. geosporum-improves yields of wheat under higher levels of Zn and is possible to be applied for the improvement of zinc contaminated soil.
Highlights
Heavy metals (HMs) naturally occurring in the environment are not the main source of risk; rather the industrial processing of these elements and their deposition into the environment due to this process [1]
This study aims to examine the physiological role of a native Funneliformis geosporum on the uptake, translocation of Zn and other nutrients in the survival of Triticum aestivum as one of the most economical plants in the world
The present study focused on the bioremediation of soils contaminated with zinc by using a strategy that included the selection of a native mycorrhizal taxon that was successfully colonized with wheat roots
Summary
Heavy metals (HMs) naturally occurring in the environment are not the main source of risk; rather the industrial processing of these elements and their deposition into the environment due to this process [1]. Increase human health by minimizing the environmental risks posed by the accumulation of several toxic HMs in the soil (e.g., Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn), accompanied by the high cost of cleaning soil contaminated by HMs [5]. The transfer of heavy metals to plants through contaminated soil and/or irrigation water is the main route for animals and the human population with dangerous effects [10]. The bioavailability of HMs fractions in the soil is largely conditioned by soil pH and determined by many factors like the magnitude of HMs, exposure time, presence or absence of nutrients and other chemical species [13, 14]
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