Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mediated immune response in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus fasciculatum (GF) was studied in the presence of plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Our aim was to assess how symbiosis of AMF potentiates ROS immune response system to deal pathogen mediated biotic stress. Tomato plant was inoculated with GF, FOL and GF + FOL in separate experimental sets to examine its effect on plants ROS machinery and the time taken to alleviate biotic stress. The antioxidant response was evaluated and correlated with the time provided by GF treated plants against FOL to initiate their second line of defenses as compared to only FOL treated ones. The establishment of symbiosis and development showed a positive effect on plant ROS response system and subsequently its growth. No significant difference was seen in the root mass of only GF, FOL and GF + FOL. The increase in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase was similar in all the control and treated plants however; reduction in activities of these ROS scavengers was much faster in GF supplemented plants. Similar trend was also observed for ROS radicals possibly due to the involvement of antioxidant enzymes. LC-MS analysis of FOL was performed to co-relate the effect of some dominant compounds with its pathogenicity. Therefore, our results showcase AMF-GF’s ability to alleviate the oxidative damage generated by biotic stress and highlights on the buffer time taken by plants defense machinery to immunize itself at various levels.
Highlights
Plants are for its highly versatile defenses owing to the immobile nature
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes are primary immune responses to the biotic stress induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) on tomato
It is a well-known soil borne pathogen which segregated from its non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum ancestor[6] and is known to produce Fusarium wilt disease in Tomato plant further triggering immune responsive machinery.[7,8]
Summary
Plants are for its highly versatile defenses owing to the immobile nature. They have developed various tiers of immune responsive strategies to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. Fusarium wilt disease in tomato may lead to a whopping 10-90% loss in yield.[5] besides being known as a popular cash crop, it is treated as a model plant system for plant– pathogen interactions.[6] FOL is one such pathogen studied for causing infection in tomato plant It is a well-known soil borne pathogen which segregated from its non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum ancestor[6] and is known to produce Fusarium wilt disease in Tomato plant further triggering immune responsive machinery.[7,8] The immune response generated in the form of ROS and antioxidant enzyme approach is further alleviated by application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) Glomus fasciculatum (GF) to the plant under study. A timedependent renaissance in various tiers of innate immune responses of AMF-GF treated plants may be evaluated through such studies to tackle fungal infections
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