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Abstract
Artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua has been used efficiently in malaria treatment since 2005. In this study, the variations in plant parameters (plant biomass, glandular trichome density, essential oil total chemical content, artemisinin production, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity) were tested under different soil types (Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and sterile peat) and cultivation conditions (potted plants in semi-open field, and open field experiments) for plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rizophagus irregularis. Under semi-open field conditions, the AMF colonization of A. annua plant roots varied, and presented the highest percentage in Luvisol and sterile peat. The increase in the root colonization rate positively influenced some plant parameters (biomass, glandular trichome density, artemisinin concentration, essential oil quantity and composition), but no effects on PPO enzyme activity were detected. AMF fungus R. irregularis significantly increased the artemisinin content and essential oil yield of plants cultivated in Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and in peat. These soil types can offer appropriate conditions for A. annua cultivation and artemisinin production even on a smaller scale. Under open field conditions, low (about 5%) AMF colonization was observed. No differences in artemisin contents were detected, but essential oil yield significantly increased compared to control plants. AMF treatment increased beta-farnesene and germacrene D concentrations in Artemisia plants in the open field experiment.
Highlights
Malaria is the predominant infectious disease in developing nations, with 380 million people infected and between 1 and 3 million dying annually [1,2]
The variations in plant parameters (plant biomass, glandular trichome density, essential oil total chemical content, artemisinin production, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity) were tested under different soil types (Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and sterile peat) and cultivation conditions for plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rizophagus irregularis
It can be detected that AMF colonization of A. annua plant roots varies under different soil types
Summary
Malaria is the predominant infectious disease in developing nations, with 380 million people infected and between 1 and 3 million dying annually [1,2]. While substantial efforts are being made to control malaria, it is still estimated that it will remain among the most serious infectious diseases until 2030 [1]. Artemisia annua, due to its active principles, offers the possibility to control malaria and is a real solution for other tropical diseases as well. While the production of different A. annua varieties has been concentrated in tropical climates, its cultivation under specific but cheap conditions is possible in the temperate zone as well. According to previous studies the artemisinin content of plants can be improved under specific growing conditions (by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) colonization) [5]
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