Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbiont found in association with plants under various geoclimatic and edaphic conditions. Biodiversity of AM fungi is reported from (but not limited to) tropical zones, temperate zones, alpine zones, agricultural soils, mangroves, heavy metal (HM)-polluted soils, acidic soils, saline soils, and alkaline soils. This chapter summarizes the diversity of AM fungi in at least 77 families and 347 genera of land plants. Diversity of AM fungi is most studied in Fabaceae, followed by Asteraceae, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Biodiversity of AM fungi is also reported in the families of gymnosperm (i.e., Pinaceae and Taxaceae) and pteridophyte (Ophioglossaceae). AM fungi is also reported from Brassicaceae and Amaranthaceae. With the help of artworks, this chapter elaborates the mechanism of interaction between AM fungi and roots of plants. Various transporters invovled in the symbiotic interaction are well-illustrated in the chapter. In the end, functional aspects including bioprospection of AM fungi is discussed in details.KeywordsAbiotic stressAgriculture productionBiocontrol agentBiomesCommon mycorrhizal networkDELLA, Glomus

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