Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations of plants colonizing coal mine spoil in India

Abstract

A survey of soil and root samples collected beneath some pioneering plants colonizing reclaimed mine spoil at an opencast coal mine site at Chandrapur, Maharashtra State, India, was conducted in October 1994 to examine the possible host and edaphic influence on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Thirteen plant species were sampled to determine the mycorrhizal root colonization and the number of spores of individual AM fungal species in the rhizosphere.Typical AM fungal infection was observed in roots of all the plant species examined. Mycorrhizal infection ranged from 20 to 95%. Sampled soils contained six spore-forming species of AM fungi (Acaulospora scrobiculata, Entrophospora colombiana, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus ambisporum, Scutellospora calospora and a previously undescribed species of Glomus). Fungal spore densities were not related to the mycorrhizal infection levels. E. colombiana and G. ambisporum were the leading species in terms of spore densities and frequencies. Phenotypic variations in spores of AM fungi were possibly related to the physical and chemical properties of the mine spoil.It is concluded that the pioneering plant species on mine spoils can cause the development of different populations of AM fungi. The study also indicates that certain species of AM fungi have broad environmental requirements.