Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient that has a significant role in plant growth and development. Therefore, optimum levels of N should be supplied to the plants for sustainable crop production. Besides the chemical fertilization of plants, beneficial soil microorganisms like the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a mutualistic association with the majority of plant roots and enhance plant growth and nutrient uptake. The importance of AM fungi is mostly attributed to phosphorus (P) acquisition in plants. Nevertheless, the role of AM fungi in the N nutrition of plants is also well known. Plants N acquisition is mediated by direct and indirect pathways through plant roots or via a common mycelium network of AM fungi. Organic and inorganic N is the major source of N in the soils. Influence of AM fungi on other symbiotic and asymbiotic microorganisms is also known to contribute to dinitrogen (N2) fixation in plants. This chapter highlights the role of AM fungi in N nutrition, N2 fixation, and uptake of organic and inorganic N from the soils. Also, the importance of AM fungi in the N cycle and the impact of different AM fungal species on plant N uptake are discussed.
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