Arbovirus et greffes

Abstract

Arboviruses are pathogens transmitted by the bite of a hematophagous insect or mite, which emerge or re-emerge both in the tropics, where large-scale epidemics have recently occurred, and in temperate climate, with now regular description of autochthonous transmission cases. Perfectly symbolized by chikungunya, dengue, Zika or West Nile viruses, arboviruses are a problem of new magnitude in transplantation that must now be taken into consideration because the risks to the transplant recipient are real and numerous.These viruses can be transmitted by the organs, cells and tissues taken at the time of the viremic phase in the infected donor.Transplant recipients living or traveling in arbovirus circulation areas are also exposed to classical vector transmission.The early virological and clinical diagnosis of infection is then the prerequisite for rapid and appropriate medical management in order to preserve the prognosis of the patient and the graft. It requires to know the characteristics of the infection in the transplanted patient whose immunity, especially cellular, is voluntarily diminished.The absence of specific antiviral treatment finally requires the establishment of measures to prevent transmission, the only effective means of fighting against infection.