Abstract
The actual integration of women on the labour market lags behind the explicit social claim of gender equality in working life. This article analyses the employment of men and women in Europe, in particular through a German-Swedish comparison with regard to the amount of time invested in unpaid household and family-related work, as well as working time preferences. Against the background of a life course perspective considerably less gender differences were found in terms of paid and unpaid working time in Sweden: Swedish women are more and better integrated into the labour market than their German counterparts. On the other hand Swedish men are more involved in household activities than their German colleagues. Furthermore, while German women in their family phase prefer to work longer hours than they actually do, German men prefer a shortening of their actual working time. Thus, the gender specific unequal distribution shows both the need and the potential for change which aims at an overall consideration of individual preferences depending on household constellations and life stages in working time policies.
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