Abstract
Aramaic is first attested early in the 1st millennium b.c. in Syria and afterward became a medium of written communication in the Assyrian and Persian empires. It is a Semitic language that during its long history developed numerous spoken and literary dialects. The literary Official Aramaic of the aforesaid empires gave way to several literary dialects associated with particular religious communities, especially Judaism (Jewish Palestinian and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic) and Christianity (Syriac). After the Arab conquest, Aramaic gradually lost ground to Arabic, but it has survived into modern times in liturgies and in some localities as a spoken language.
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