Abstract
Names of tribes, settlements, and chieftains of people called Aramaeans in Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions have been regarded for a long time as proof for the existence of Arabs in Babylonia. A new investigation of the evidence shows that practically none of the names so far regarded as Arabic is in fact Arabic. However, the report of Sennacherib's campaign against the Chaldeans contains a list of toponyms which can be connected linguistically with the names of Arab chieftains in the inscriptions of Assurbanipal. This suggests that one has to reckon with an Arab penetration in Babylonia at least some decades before Sennacherib's first campaign. The main area of this penetration is restricted to the territory of Bit Dakkuri and Bit Amukani.
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