Abstract
Sm-like (Lsm) proteins have been identified in all organisms and are related to RNA metabolism. Here, we report that Arabidopsis nuclear AtLSM8 protein, as well as AtLSM5, which localizes to both the cytoplasm and nucleus, function in pre-mRNA splicing, while AtLSM5 and the exclusively cytoplasmic AtLSM1 contribute to 5′–3′ mRNA decay. In lsm8 and sad1/lsm5 mutants, U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) was reduced and unspliced mRNA precursors accumulated, whereas mRNA stability was mainly affected in plants lacking AtLSM1 and AtLSM5. Some of the mRNAs affected in lsm1a lsm1b and sad1/lsm5 plants were also substrates of the cytoplasmic 5′–3′ exonuclease AtXRN4 and of the decapping enzyme AtDCP2. Surprisingly, a subset of substrates was also stabilized in the mutant lacking AtLSM8, which supports the notion that plant mRNAs are actively degraded in the nucleus. Localization of LSM components, purification of LSM-interacting proteins as well as functional analyses strongly suggest that at least two LSM complexes with conserved activities in RNA metabolism, AtLSM1-7 and AtLSM2-8, exist also in plants.
Highlights
The complex genetics of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD) remains still unknown
The results show that modifications at C2’, like those at C3’, prevent reverse incorporation, tetra- and pentaphosphate cap dinucleotides bind eIF4E and inhibit translation more strongly than their triphosphate counterparts, and tetraphosphate anti reverse cap analogs (ARCA) promote cap-dependent translation most effectively (2.5-fold better than the conventional cap, m7Gp3G) what makes them valuable tools in biotechnology. mRNAs capped with m27,3’GppCH2pG appeared to be resistant to cleavage by Dcp1/Dcp2 and were more stable in vivo, indicating that 5’ to 3’ pathway makes a major contribution to overall degradation in mammalian cells
Since little is known about the nutritional regulation of glycerol kinase in adipose tissue, we examined the effects of alternating caloric restriction and refeeding on GyK gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) of 15 male Wistar rats randomised into 3 groups: multiple cycles of alternating food deprivation and refeeding (MFR); pair-fed (PF); and ad libitum feeding
Summary
Mapping of the functional phosphate groups in the catalytic core of DNAzyme 10-23. Barbara Nawrot, Kinga Widera, Marzena Wójcik, Beata Rębowska, Wiesława Goss, Wojciech J. A Novel 2’-deoxy-2’-fluoro-D-arabinonucleic acid (2’F-ANA) modification of DNA creates an efficient gene silencing oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). AS ODN should be nuclease resistant, form stable DNA/RNA hybrids, and support of RNase H mediated cleavage of heteroduplexes, with negligible non-specific effects on cell function. Fulfilling all these criteria has proven difficult but 2’-deoxy-2’-fluoro-D-arabinonucleic acid (2’F-ANA) modifications of DNA may well address these issues in living cells as a result of their ability to simultaneously increase the strength of DNA:RNA hybrids, resistance to nucleases, and elicit efficient RNase H mediated degradation of target mRNA. We conclude that 2’F-ANA will function as efficient gene silencing agents in living cells and could have significant therapeutic potential
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