Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana serine decarboxylase 1 (SDC1) catalyzes conversion of serine to ethanolamine, the first reaction step of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. However, an involvement of SDC1 in amino acid metabolism remains elusive despite that serine is the substrate of SDC1. Here, we showed that SDC1 localizes in mitochondria although phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are known to be produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, we found that overexpression of SDC1 decreased levels of amino acid compounds derived from mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results suggest that mitochondria-localized SDC1 plays an important role in both phospholipid and amino acid metabolism in A. thaliana.
Highlights
Phospholipid is an essential component of biological membranes in most organisms (Vance, 2015)
These results suggest that serine decarboxylase 1 (SDC1) plays an important role in both phospholipid and amino acid metabolism, and that an initial reaction step of phospholipid biosynthesis involves mitochondria
Underdeveloped seeds were not found in the mutant carrying ProSDC1:SDC1-Ven transgene (ProSDC1:SDC1-Ven sdc1-2/− plant) (Yunus et al, 2016), it was unclear whether this transgenic plant demonstrates normal embryos at different developmental stages and functionally complements the embryo-lethal phenotype
Summary
Phospholipid is an essential component of biological membranes in most organisms (Vance, 2015). Its biosynthesis consists of an assembly of diacylglycerol backbone and polar head group (Nakamura, 2017). Whereas diacylglycerol backbone is known to be synthesized from the glycolysis pathway, the initial reaction steps of the biosynthesis of polar head group are poorly studied (Lin et al, 2015; Nakamura, 2017). Choline is an essential nutrient and its uptake readily provides a substrate for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), the most abundant phospholipid class (Li and Vance, 2008). Supply of the precursors for the biosynthesis of polar head group must absolutely rely on their own biosynthesis. This difference highlights an importance of investigating polar head group biosynthesis in plant phospholipid metabolism
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