Abstract
This article deals with the relations between the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood Organization (MBO) and the Jordanian regime during and after the Arab Spring and aims to reveal how the Arab Spring affected the relations. That the MBO, performing legal activities in Jordan since 1945, was terminated upon the judicial decision in July 2020 constituted great importance due to eliminating the activities of the most powerful opposing organization in the country. The Arab Spring became a milestone in the relations between the Jordanian MBO and the Hashemite Monarchy. It is thought that the Jordanian MBO expected to form a Muslim Brotherhood line in the region exhibited a competitive attitude against the regime and aimed to weaken the legitimacy of the regime. However, the fact that the Arab Spring was not progressed in an expected way, particularly the fact the Egyptian MBO was overthrown by the military coup, constituted a significant impact on the Jordanian MBO, as it did to all Muslim Brotherhood Organizations. After the military coup, the renewed regional balance provided the proper conditions, so that the Jordanian regime was able to marginalize the MBO. Within this scope, the Jordanian regime adopted an action that was executed over time and the radical wing of the organization, regarded as a supporter of Hamas, was disbanded. The article concludes that the Arab Spring consolidated the concept of strengthening the Jordanian identity of the state and ensured the Jordanianization of the MBO just like in the other critical processes in the recent past of Jordan.
Highlights
The fact that the Arab Spring was not progressed in an expected way, the fact the Egyptian MBO was overthrown by the military coup, constituted a significant impact on the Jordanian MBO, as it did to all Muslim Brotherhood Organizations
The Jordan regime was concerned about Hamas winning the Palestinian elections and worried that if Jordan MBO achieved the same success in Jordan, Hamas and Jordan MBO’s desires of implementing Jordan-Palestine Muslim union would become stronger
Jordan was evaluated as a country that was not affected much by the Arab Spring in the region and the developments in Jordan were given less attention in the literature
Summary
In 2006, Hamas’ victory in the Palestinian Legislative Council elections was an effective factor in hardening the regime’s stance against MBO From this period, it is observed that the regime has enhanced its control over MBO and has determined to reduce its representation and political role in the parliament and to constrict its relations with Hamas. Before the 1970-71 civil wars, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) efficient works on Palestinian refugees who are citizens of Jordan caused the regime to follow a careful stance for Palestinian Organizations and Palestinian-origin Jordanians For this reason, Hamas’s efforts for controlling Jordan MBO and the presence of Palestinian-origin Jordanians close to Hamas under the leadership of MBO are the issues that the regime is uncomfortable with. In the first part of the study, which consists of two parts, the situation of the relations between the Jordan MBO and the regime before the Arab Spring is discussed, and in the second part, the effects of the Arab Spring and the developments after it on the relations are emphasized
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