Abstract
Although an invisible component of the hydrologic cycle, groundwater generally takes precedence over other water resources in the area of drinking water supply. Among groundwater resources, karst aquifers tend to be rich in sufficiently-accessible amounts of high-quality water. During most of the year, this water requires only disinfection prior to delivery to the end user. However, in many cases extreme rainfall and/or sudden snow melt results in transient turbidity, increase in bacterial count and temporary contamination (e.g. increase in nitrate and phosphate concentrations). To be able to determine the effect of the precipitation regime on various groundwater quality parameters, it is necessary to establish continuous monitoring of the parameter of interest and certain parameters should be observed at least once a day, if not more often (continuously). Such monitoring provides sufficiently long time-series of the considered parameter, so that autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses can be undertaken and AR, CR and ARCR modeling used for simulations and short-term forecasts. Apart from the theoretical background, the paper presents a case study of the occurrence of nitrates at a karst spring called ?Banja? near the city of Valjevo, Serbia. A ten-year (1991-2000) timeseries of the discharged volume of water was used in the study, as well as nitrate concentrations recorded on a daily basis. In addition, daily precipitation was gauged in the immediate vicinity of the catchment and the rainwater chemically analyzed. The analyses included nitrate concentrations in precipitation. The generated timeseries were used for autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses of nitrate concentrations in the Banja Spring pool during the entire period of monitoring, as well as in one wet and one dry year. The results are presented for all three cases, based on simulations applying AR, CR and ARCR modeling.
Highlights
Groundwater, the invisible component of the hydrologic cycle, currently plays a fundamental role in maintaining public health and supporting industry and agriculture, as well as entire ecosystems (PETTITA et al, 2015)
For any kind of regime assessment aimed at defining an appropriate simulation and/or short-term forecasting model, the first requirement is a sufficiently long time-series
Such an assessment was enabled by ten-year monitoring of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of karst groundwater that emerges at the Banja Spring near Petnica (Valjevo), and of precipitation by means of a rain-gauge station installed at the Petnica Research Station
Summary
Groundwater, the invisible component of the hydrologic cycle, currently plays a fundamental role in maintaining public health and supporting industry and agriculture, as well as entire ecosystems (PETTITA et al, 2015). Nitrates were certainly one of the most interesting parameters of the Banja Spring water quality, which were monitored in both karst groundwater and precipitation
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