Abstract
Increased anthropogenic activity in urban areas has exacerbated the vulnerability of groundwater resources. The AVI, GOD, SINTACS, and DRASTIC methods were used to analyze groundwater vulnerability in Pangkalpinang City. Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding was used to determine the lithology and aquifer configuration in the study area. There are three vulnerability index areas in the city of Pangkalpinang. Low levels of aquifer vulnerability were generally found in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the study area, whereas high levels of aquifer vulnerability were discovered in the northern and southern parts of the study area. Areas with low aquifer vulnerability levels generally have low hydraulic conductivity values on the protective layer. In these areas, groundwater extraction is possible with a reasonable extraction pattern. Industrial areas can also be built by considering environmental aspects. In an area with high-level aquifer vulnerability, groundwater pollution must be considerably managed. The areas should not be designated for industrial areas and excess groundwater extraction.
Highlights
The data analysis results show three categories of regions based on the vulnerability index in Pangkalpinang City (Figure 14)
Areas with high levels of aquifer vulnerability are associated with a high hydraulic protective layer, allowing for vertical fluid percolation to very penetrate the aquifer layer
Factors that can cause groundwater pollution must be considered. These areas should not be designated for industrial areas and excess groundwater extraction
Summary
Pangkalpinang is the capital of Bangka Belitung Islands Province (Figure 1). It has a population of 212,727 people, with a growth rate of 0.85% and an area of 118.41 km (Pangkalpinang Central Bureau of Statistics, 2020). It is the center of the economy in Bangka Belitung Islands Province with rising economic growth rates from year to year. As the economy of a city develops, the demand for water resources will continue to grow. The amount of water needs in the city of Pangkalpinang reached at least 2 million m3 annually (Pangkalpinang Central Bureau of Statistics, 2020). With the decline in surface water quality, massive exploration of groundwater is unavoidable [1]
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