Abstract
Twelve vertical electric soundings (VES) were carried out using the Schlumberger configuration with a maximum current electrode separation of 350 m using Abem Terrameter SAS 1000 AB in Issele Uku, Delta State, Nigeria, to determine the aquifer characterization of the area. The field data were analyzed by curve matching and computer iteration, and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer were determined using the Dar Zarrouk parameters. The transmissivity of the aquifer varied from Trmax = 208.32 m2/day to Trmin = 109.2 m2/day. The knowledge of aquifer transmissivity made it possible to demarcate the area with good groundwater potential for setting-up boreholes in Issele Ukwu. The results show that the aquifer was not protected because of poor longitudinal conductivity due to the absence of clay. The results of water analyses reveal that water obtained from the various locations was safe for drinking, and other domestic and industrial purposes compared with the World Health Organization Standard.
Highlights
Environmental pollution is a global problem caused by industrialization, and Nigeria is no exception to the challenges posed by it.1 Industrial development has resulted in an increase in groundwater contamination, which creates the need for its prediction and prevention.2Groundwater is replenishable and dynamic
Egbai and Iserhen-Emekeme3 showed that the protective capacity of the aquifer in Igbanke is poor (< 0.1), and claimed that the area lacks clay as an overburden layer that results in the percolation of contaminants in the aquifer
According to the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) standard,4 leachate contains such organic substances as carbon as fulvic acids that are usually toxic, especially in waste from industrial raw materials. They decompose into groundwater aquifers in areas lacking clay, which serves as a confining layer
Summary
Environmental pollution is a global problem caused by industrialization, and Nigeria is no exception to the challenges posed by it. Industrial development has resulted in an increase in groundwater contamination, which creates the need for its prediction and prevention.. According to the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) standard, leachate contains such organic substances as carbon as fulvic acids that are usually toxic, especially in waste from industrial raw materials They decompose into groundwater aquifers in areas lacking clay, which serves as a confining layer. This study examines the subsurface under the groundwater to identity sites suitable for aquifers for domestic and industrial purposes. For this groundwater survey, a geophysical study was needed to estimate the groundwater profile in Issele Uku. The area has two seasons: dry and wet seasons typical of equatorial climate. Water samples were collected from VES 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, and 12 in clean 15-cl plastic bottles and analyzed to determine their suitability for domestic and industrial usage. The samples were carried in ice-packed coolers to the laboratory for analysis within 24 hours
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