Abstract
Aquifer characterization is broadly defined as processes by which the three-dimensional structure, hydraulic and transport properties, and chemistry of aquifers are evaluated. Aquifer characterization provides the foundation for groundwater modeling, which is ubiquitously used to evaluate sedimentary aquifers. Detailed aquifer characterization is particularly important where solute transport is a concern, as aquifer heterogeneity has a much greater impact on groundwater flow direction and rates than it does on aquifer heads. An introduction to aquifer hydraulic and transport parameters and basic aquifer heterogeneity concepts is provided. Aquifer heterogeneity includes layered, lateral, and multiple-porosity systems. Aquifer characterization starts with an initial conceptual geological model development, followed by evaluations of the type and scale of aquifer heterogeneity and the values of petrophysical and hydraulic parameters, and finally, data analysis and synthesis, and groundwater flow and solute-transport modeling.
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