Aqueous Theta-Phase Aluminum Oxide Nanofluid for Energy Applications: Experimental Study on Thermal Conductivity

Abstract

The use of nanofluids in energy systems allows for increasing efficiency and developing more economic systems. Alumina-water is one of the most common nanofluids used but little information is available about the aqueous theta-phase aluminum oxide. Given the lack of thermal conductivity data for this nanofluid, in this research, this property is experimentally evaluated. Nanofluid is prepared using the two-step method, employing a magnetic stirrer and a sonication bath. A high-precision sensor is employed for measuring thermal conductivity, using the method of transient hot wire. The thermal conductivity measurements for the base fluid (water) are compared with data provided by NIST. Nanoparticle mass fraction in the nanofluid is increased from 1 to 10% and the temperature from 22.1 to 59.3 °C. Three sonication times (1.5, 4 and 16.5 h) are used. A strong dependence between the thermal conductivity and the temperature and nanoparticles concentration has been found, while the sonication time has a negligible influence on the thermal conductivity in the range of times tested. A correlation to obtain the thermal conductivity of the water-based nanofluid using theta-phase aluminum oxide has been developed, including nanoparticle volume concentration and temperature. An excellent agreement is obtained between predicted and experimental data.