Abstract
An aqueous integrated process was developed to obtain several valuable products from sunflower seeds. With a high-shear rate crusher, high-pressure homogenization and centrifugation, it is possible to process 600× g of seeds in 1400× g of water to obtain a concentrated cream phase with a dry matter (dm) content of 46%, consisting of 74 (w/w dm) lipids in the form of an oil-body dispersion (droplet size d(0.5): 2.0 µm) rich in proteins (13% w/w dm, with membranous and extraneous proteins). The inclusion of an enzymatic step mediated by a lipase made possible the total hydrolysis of trigylcerides into fatty acids. The resulting cream had a slightly higher lipid concentration, a ratio lipid/water closer to 1, with a dry matter content of 57% consisting of 69% (w/w) lipids, a more complex structure, as observed on Cryo-SEM, with a droplet size slightly greater (d(0.5): 2.5 µm) than that of native oil bodies and a conserved protein concentration (12% w/w dm) but an almost vanished phospholipid content (17.1 ± 4.4 mg/g lipids compared to 144.6 ± 6 mg/g lipids in the oil-body dispersion and 1811.2 ± 122.2 mg/g lipids in the seed). The aqueous phases and pellets were also characterized, and their mineral, lipid and protein contents provide new possibilities for valorization in food or technical applications.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Vito VerardoSeed oil bodies (OBs), known as oleosomes, are plant intracellular organelles.They have a organized molecular structure consisting of a triglyceride (TAG)core surrounded by a phospholipid (PL) monolayer and proteins [1,2,3], and act as natural surfactant molecules, with the hydrophobic fatty acid moiety of the PL facing the core of the oil droplet and the hydrophilic polar head group oriented towards the cellular environment
Core surrounded by a phospholipid (PL) monolayer and proteins [1,2,3], and act as natural surfactant molecules, with the hydrophobic fatty acid moiety of the PL facing the core of the oil droplet and the hydrophilic polar head group oriented towards the cellular environment
We found no significant difference between the fatty acid profiles of the phospholipids in the FA and TAG emulsions; more pronounced differences in phospholipid contents and classes were found between sunflower kernel and emulsions
Summary
Academic Editor: Vito VerardoSeed oil bodies (OBs), known as oleosomes, are plant intracellular organelles.They have a organized molecular structure consisting of a triglyceride (TAG)core surrounded by a phospholipid (PL) monolayer and proteins [1,2,3], and act as natural surfactant molecules, with the hydrophobic fatty acid moiety of the PL facing the core of the oil droplet and the hydrophilic polar head group oriented towards the cellular environment. Seed oil bodies (OBs), known as oleosomes, are plant intracellular organelles. They have a organized molecular structure consisting of a triglyceride (TAG). The OBs are major food reserves used by the plant to drive germination and post-germination growth. They are, considered to be a potentially useful source of lipids and proteins. The most widely used solvent for lipid extraction from seeds is hexane, even in the food industry. This solvent is highly toxic, flammable, and represents a real danger to health and the environment
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