Abstract
BackgroundTo examine the usefulness of measuring immune mediators in aqueous humor samples for differentiating malignant uveal melanoma from benign pigmented intraocular tumors.MethodsThirteen eyes of 13 patients with uveal melanoma were studied, and 13 eyes of 13 patients with benign pigmented intraocular tumors served as controls. Undiluted samples of aqueous humor were collected, and a cytometric bead array was used to determine the aqueous humor concentrations of 35 immune mediators comprising 14 interleukins (IL), interferon-γ, interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, monokine induced by interferon-γ, basic fibroblast growth factor, Fas ligand, granzyme A, granzyme B, eotaxin, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant, fractalkine, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin, tumor necrosis factor-α, lymphotoxin-α, and CD40L.ResultsAqueous humor levels of angiogenin, IL-8, and MCP-1 were significantly higher in eyes with malignant melanoma than in those with benign tumors (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAngiogenin, IL-8, and MCP-1 levels in aqueous humor may be potential markers for distinguishing malignant uveal melanoma from benign pigmented intraocular tumors, and may be a useful adjunct to histomorphology, diagnostic imaging, and other biomarkers for the diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of malignant uveal melanoma.
Highlights
Differentiation between malignant and benign pigmented intraocular tumors is currently based on comprehensive clinical ophthalmoscopic examination and imaging findings
The aim of the present study was to examine the usefulness of measuring immune mediators in aqueous humor samples to differentiate between malignant uveal melanoma and benign pigmented intraocular tumors
The CBA Flex immunoassay kit (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) was used to determine the aqueous humor concentrations of 35 immune mediators comprising interleukins (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and IL-21, interferon (IFN)-γ, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monokine induced by interferon-γ (Mig), basic fibroblast growth factor, Fas ligand, granzyme A, granzyme B, eotaxin, interferoninducible T-cell alphachemoattractant (ITAC), fractalkine, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lymphotoxin-α, and CD40L
Summary
Differentiation between malignant and benign pigmented intraocular tumors is currently based on comprehensive clinical ophthalmoscopic examination and imaging findings. Almost all malignant pigmented intraocular tumors are uveal melanomas. It is important to establish the grade and risk of pigmented intraocular tumors before surgery in order to provide adequate treatment. To this end, new markers that can distinguish malignant uveal melanoma from other benign pigmented tumors are needed. Immune mediators are present in the aqueous humor of eyes with malignant uveal melanoma [2, 3], both as inflammatory reactions and induced by growth of the melanoma. To examine the usefulness of measuring immune mediators in aqueous humor samples for differentiating malignant uveal melanoma from benign pigmented intraocular tumors
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