Abstract
Excessive sunlight exposure leads to photodamaged skin, resulting in wrinkles, roughness, relaxation, and pigmentation. We examined photoprotective effects of aqueous extracts of dried Phragmites communis rhizome (PCWE) on ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-mediated photodamage in skin cells. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), melanocytes (B16F10 cells), and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with PCWE (25–200 μg/mL), with or without UVB (30 mJ/cm2). Cell viability, cell senescence, and mRNA levels of genes involved in skin homeostasis were assessed. Anti-melanogenic effects of PCWE on B16F10 cells were evaluated. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels and β-hexosaminidase release were evaluated in macrophage RAW264.7 and basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in tested cells up to 200 μg/mL PCWE. In HDFs and HaCaT cells, PCWE pretreatment afforded significant, concentration-dependent photoprotection. PCWE downregulated baseline matrix metalloprotease-1 expression and elastase activity in HDFs; in HaCaT cells, telomerase reverse transcriptase and hyaluronan synthase-2 expressions were upregulated. PCWE suppressed α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-mediated increase in melanin production and tyrosinase activity. PCWE suppressed COX-2 induction (in RAW264.7) and β-hexosaminidase release (in RBL-2H3). PCWE exhibits good potential to attenuate photodamage in skin cells.
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