Abstract
The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFA) are commonly used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China. We previously showed that PFA attenuates eye fatigue by improving visual accommodation through a clinical study. However, detailed mechanisms and chemical compounds have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed the active compounds in an aqueous extract of PFA involved in ciliary muscle relaxation in vitro and in vivo. NMR and MS analyses showed that the PFA extract contained mainly luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide and apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide. The composition after freeze-drying and spray-drying was similar. Freeze-dried PFA (50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL) increased nitric oxide and cGMP levels in ciliary muscle cells isolated from the eyes of rats. [Ca2+]i decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Sprague-Dawley rats treated with freeze-dried PFA (200 mg/kg, orally) showed significantly increased cGMP levels compared with the control group and irradiated with white light. Our results suggest that PFA extract has the potential to reduce eye fatigue by relaxing ciliary muscles.
Highlights
The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFA) has been used herbal medicines in the treatment of depression, anxiety, allergies, bacterial and fungal infections, the common cold, shivering fits, fever, chest pains, and coughs in Asian countries [1,2,3,4]
The polyphenols contained in the plant extracts alleviate eye fatigue in humans [12]
We previously showed that PFA improves an accommodative ability due to its relaxing effect on
Summary
The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFA) has been used herbal medicines in the treatment of depression, anxiety, allergies, bacterial and fungal infections, the common cold, shivering fits, fever, chest pains, and coughs in Asian countries [1,2,3,4]. Acuta (PFA) has been used herbal medicines in the treatment of depression, anxiety, allergies, bacterial and fungal infections, the common cold, shivering fits, fever, chest pains, and coughs in Asian countries [1,2,3,4]. The leaves of this plant are widely used as food material such as in sushi, soups, salads, spices, and food colorants [4]. The effects of PFA extracts and its components on eye fatigue have not been reported
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