Aqueous Extract of Mustard Crop Residues on Weed Management and Crop Performance of Wheat

D Sarkar,Dn Chadny,F Ahmed,Mr Uddin,S Pramanik,Sk Paul,Uk Sarker

doi:10.3329/sja.v18i2.51105

Abstract

Allelopathy is expected to be an important mechanism in the plant invasion process. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of mustard crop residues on weed management and crop performance of wheat. The experiment consisted of three cultivars of wheat viz., BARI Gom 19, BARI Gom 21, BARI Gom 24 and five levels of aqueous extract such as no crop residues (C0), mustard crop residues: chaffed leaves soaked in water in 1:20 ratio (w/v) (C1), 1:30 ratio (w/v) (C2), 1:40 ratio (w/v) (C3), hand weeding (C4). The maximum weed growth was noticed with the cultivar BARI Gom 19 and the minimum was found in the cultivar BARI Gom 21. The grain yield as well as the other yield contributing characters produced by BARI Gom 21was the highest among the studied varieties. The highest percent inhibition of all weed species was caused by hand weeding. The highest numbers of tillers hill-1, numbers of grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield were observed where hand weeding is done and followed by the application of aqueous extract in 1:20 ratio (w/v). BARI Gom 21 cultivar with all treatments produced the highest grain and straw yield among the treatment combination. The results indicate that different amount of aqueous extract of mustard crop residues showed potential activity to suppress weed growth and it has a significant effect on the yield of wheat. Therefore, mustard crop residues might be used as an alternative way for weed management in effective and sustainable crop production. SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 17-26 (2020)

Highlights

Bangladesh is an agrarian economy where total area under wheat cultivation is 4.288 lakh hectares with an annual production of 14.236 lac m. tons during 2016-2017 and an average yield of 3.320 t ha-1 (AIS, 2018)
When the weeds and crop emerge at the same time, yield losses generally increase several-fold (Aldrich, 1987).Weeds exhibit the economic yield losses to the wheat crop, which may range from 24-39.5% and these must be controlled during the full growing season of the crop for achieving satisfactory crop yields (Oad et al, 2007)
The experiment consists of two factors including crop residues (5) i) no use of extract, ii) aqueous extract of mustard crop residues @ 1:20 ratio (w/v), iii) aqueous extract of mustard crop residues @ 1:30 ratio (w/v), iv) aqueous extract of mustard crop residues @ 1:40 ratio (w/v) and v) hand weeding and variety (3): i) BARI Gom19 ii) BARI Gom21 iii) BARI Gom 24

Summary

Introduction

Bangladesh is an agrarian economy where total area under wheat cultivation is 4.288 lakh hectares with an annual production of 14.236 lac m. tons during 2016-2017 and an average yield of 3.320 t ha-1 (AIS, 2018). Poor stand establishment and heavy weed infestation during the growing stage are major obstacles to the large-scale adoption of wheat. The productivity and profitability of wheat solely rely on weed management. Heavy use of herbicides may result in the evolution of herbicideresistant weeds (Duke et al, 2001). The reliance on synthetic herbicides which otherwise may cause environmental and health-related problems, as well as the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds in the near future. The evolution of resistance in weeds against the synthetic herbicides and the presence of miscellaneous weeds (flora) in wheat have forced scientists to find eco-friendly alternatives to managing weeds in this wheat production system

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Conclusion