Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs against Helicobacter pylori. Solvent-extracts of selected medicinal plants; Combretum molle, Sclerocarya birrea, Garcinia kola, Alepidea amatymbica and a single Strychnos species were investigated against 30 clinical strains of H. pylori alongside a reference control strain (NCTC 11638) using standard microbiological techniques. Metronidazole and amoxicillin were included in these experiments as positive control antibiotics. All the plants demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition between 0 and 38 mm and 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values ranging from 0.06 to 5.0 mg/mL. MIC50 values for amoxicillin and metronidazole ranged from 0.001 to 0.63 mg/mL and 0.004 to 5.0 mg/mL respectively. The acetone extracts of C. molle and S. birrea exhibited a remarkable bactericidal activity against H. pylori killing more than 50% of the strains within 18 h at 4× MIC and complete elimination of the organisms within 24 h. Their antimicrobial activity was comparable to the control antibiotics. However, the activity of the ethanol extract of G. kola was lower than amoxicillin (P < 0.05) as opposed to metronidazole (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that S. birrea, C. molle and G. kola may represent good sources of compounds with anti-H. pylori activity.
Highlights
Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative microearophilic helical bacillus inhabits the stomach of approximately half of the human population, in whom it may persist for a life time, making it one of the most successful human pathogens [1]
Infection with this organism is strongly associated with chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma [2]
Current eradication regimens involve the use of combination therapies; a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or bismuth compounds and two antibiotics, most commonly clarithromycin and metronidazole or amoxicillin [5], with an expected success rate of 80%–90% [6]
Summary
Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative microearophilic helical bacillus inhabits the stomach of approximately half of the human population, in whom it may persist for a life time, making it one of the most successful human pathogens [1]. Infection with this organism is strongly associated with chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma [2]. H. pylori infection is still difficult to treat as eradication failure rate remains at 10%–40% [7,8]
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