Abstract
The profound modification of lifestyle and food habits has led to an important increase in the prevalence of gout. Unfortunately, there are current unmet needs for the treatment of this disease, prompting the search for new alternatives. Paullinia pinnata is a plant used to treat various diseases including arthritis. The present work aimed to investigate the antigouty activities of the aqueous (AEPP) and methanolic (MEPP) extracts of P. pinnata as well as their in vivo antioxidant properties. The gouty arthritis was induced by injecting 50 μl of monosodium urate (MSU, 100 mg/ml) in the left hind ankle of rats. P. pinnata extracts were administered orally at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 6 days, starting 24 h after MSU injection. Allopurinol 5 mg/kg/day was used as reference drug. Inflammation and hyperalgesia were daily monitored from 24 hours after treatment initiation and for the 6 consecutive days. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) quantification was done in collected synovial fluid. Nitrite oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated in the spinal cord and the brain. The serum content of SOD was additionally quantified. AEPP and MEPP significantly (p < 0.001) reduce MSU-induced inflammation (22.41% to 93.65%) and hyperalgesia (33.33% to 64.44%) in both ankle and paw. AEPP and MEPP significantly (p < 0.001) reduce synovial MPO production with the percentage ranging from 76.30% to 85.19%. AEPP and MEPP significantly (p < 0.001) reduce serum, spinal, left and right hemispheres NO, and MDA and increase the SOD activity (p < 0.001). P. pinnata leaf extracts possess potent curative effects against MSU-induced gouty arthritis that combines analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. These findings support the use of P. pinnata leaves extracts in the treatment of gouty arthritis and further present the plant as a potent source of efficient antigouty medicine.
Highlights
Gouty arthritis is a painful inflammatory disease, characterized by a swollen and painful joint which usually extends to the surrounding tissue
Gouty arthritis usually occurs following hyperuricemia, identified as the major risk factor [1, 2]. is joint disorder is characterized by the precipitation, deposition, and crystallization of monosodium urate in the joints, leading to intense inflammation and painful process [3]. e gout prevalence ranges between
In the development of the pathology, the deleterious effects of urate are primarily due to its capacity to trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting the oxidative status in gouty arthritis patients
Summary
Gouty arthritis is a painful inflammatory disease, characterized by a swollen and painful joint which usually extends to the surrounding tissue. Many agents, including allopurinol, febuxostat, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and more recently interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors, have been developed and have demonstrated efficiency in gout treatment. They have some limitations among which are little effect on acute gout attacks, contraindications with the comorbidities, and drugs’ side effects, which include fever, skin rashes, allergic reactions, hepatitis, nephropathy, and gastrointestinal toxicity/bleeding [7,8,9]. Our recent studies showed that the aqueous and methanol extracts from the leaves of P. pinnata possess potent preventive effects on rheumatoid monoarthritis [16] Whether these plant extracts can cure gouty arthritis is unknown. E present study was undertaken to evaluate the curative effect of the aqueous and methanol extracts of P. pinnata on the MSU-induced gouty arthritis in Wistar rats
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