Abstract
Aquatic toxicity tests using spore germination and gametophyte growth of the green alga, Ulva pertusa Kjellman, were developed and evaluated by assessing the toxicity of different organic and inorganic chemicals and elutriates of sewage or waste sludge. The toxic ranking of three metals was: Cu (EC50 of 0.017 mg l−1) > Zn (0.378 mg l−1) > Cd (0.789 mg l−1) for spore germination and Cu (0.023–0.027 mg l−1) > Cd (0.189–0.200 mg l−1) > Zn (0.307–0.317 mg l−1) for gametophyte growth. Spore germination (EC50 of 3.95 mg l−1) was more sensitive to formalin than gametophyte growth (6.92–7.18 mg l−1). The EC50 for tributyltin oxide differed between the endpoints, with values of 0.586 mg l−1 for germination and 0.391–0.396 mg l−1 for growth responses. After exposure to three different sludge elutriates the greatest and least toxic effects were found for urban sewage (7.6–8.3%) and filtration bed (>61%), respectively. The bioassays are simple, inexpensive, eco-relevant and have a potential application worldwide.
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