Abstract
Imidacloprid and thiacloprid, two neonicotinoid insecticides that are extensively used in urban areas, are potentially toxic to non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, the concentrations of imidacloprid and thiacloprid in surface runoff after rainfall were 20.79–43.77 ng/L and 25.13–63.84 ng/L, respectively, whereas the levels for the Licun River were 10.78–41.70 ng/L and 2.66–39.68 ng/L, respectively. The acute and chronic criteria for imidacloprid and thiacloprid are 0.865, 0.006, 0.83, and 0.012 μg/L, respectively. Tiered ecological risk assessments revealed the chronic ecological risks of these micropollutants to local aquatic species. There was a moderate chronic toxicity risk associated with imidacloprid and thiacloprid in the Licun River, and the joint probability curves showed a probability of chronic ecological risk to 5 % of the aquatic organisms at 68 %–97 %. The results provide evidence of urban surface runoff transporting micropollutants from surface into rivers and estuaries, highlighting the ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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