Abstract
Aquatain™, monomolecular surface film for mosquito control in unused wells breeding site
Highlights
AquatainTM, monomolecular surface films is considered a new generation product of monomolecular layers
Monomolecular layers differ from other mosquito control agents because of their ability to target multiple stages of mosquito life cycle and biting midges (Nayar and Ali 2003; Batra et al, 2006)
Description of unused well sites: Unused wells were used for irrigation in past time; they are circular structure installed vertically on the water surface inside the water chamber, where the unused wells are less immersed as part in water chamber (Fig. 1)
Summary
AquatainTM, monomolecular surface films is considered a new generation product of monomolecular layers. Monomolecular surface films are biodegradable, low toxicity to human and have been shown to have no adverse effects on mammals and several species of vertebrate and invertebrate aquatic organisms. These materials are not expected to insult the environment or pose a health hazard to man (Nayar and Ali, 2003; Mbare et al, 2014). All stages of mosquitoes that come in contact with the water surface (e.g., eggs, larvae, pupae, emerging adults, and ovipositing females) are affected by the lowered surface tension (Nayar and Ali, 2003; Service, 2008; Sukkanon et al, 2017)
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