Aquasomes Nanocarriers for Delivery of Small Molecules

Abstract

Aquasomes are nanobiopharmaceutical carrier devices having a polyhydroxyl oligomeric layer surrounding them and a nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond particle core. Aquasomes are spherical spheres with a diameter of 60-300 nanometers that are used to deliver medications and antigens. Because of qualities such as protection and preservation of delicate biological molecules, conformational integrity, and surface exposure, it was an excellent carrier mechanism delivering bioactive molecules such as peptides, proteins, hormones, antigens, and genes to specific sites. The most common core materials used to manufacture aquasomes are tin oxide, nanocrystalline carbon ceramics (diamonds), and brushite (calcium phosphate dihydrate). Calcium phosphate is the focus of attention due to its natural function in the body. Brushite is an acidic mineral that converts into hydroxyapatite after being stored for a long time. As a consequence, hydroxyapatite seems to be a more powerful centre for aquasome preparation. It’s often used in the design of drug-delivery implants. A putative artificial oxygen-carrying mechanism has been found as hemoglobin-loaded aquasomes with a hydroxyapatite core. Because of their structural integrity, aquasomes have been employed as red blood cell substitutes, vaccines for delivering viral antigen (Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus) to elicit appropriate antibodies, and a targeted technique for intracellular gene therapy. Due to their enzyme activity and responsiveness to molecular conformation, aquasomes were created as a new carrier for enzymes such as DNAses and pigment/dyes. The challenges of retaining the conformational integrity and biochemical functioning of immobilised surface pairs, as well as the integration of these principles into a single functional composition, are described in this article.