Abstract
Aquaculture in Brazil probably started in the 17th century, during the Dutch occupation of the northeastern region. Currently, this activity can be divided into five main sectors, defined by tradition and type of cultured organism: freshwater fish, marine shrimp, mollusks, freshwater prawns and frogs. Production in 2019 was estimated at 800,000 tonnes, representing a gross revenue of US$ 1 billion. Freshwater fish is predominantly produced, followed by marine shrimp. The main farmed species are Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and the Pacific white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Other species have great local socio-economic importance. The bulk of production comes from small farms: more than 80 % have less than 2 ha. Brazil has more than 200 thousand freshwater fish farms, about 3000 marine shrimp farms, and about 100 aquaculture research institutions. A large domestic market is available for edible fish and shellfish, ornamentals, baitfish and hatchery-reared juveniles for biomitigation purposes. The challenge is to develop truly sustainable production systems to support a perennial industry. New technologies, including digital devices and simple disruptive innovations, can increase productivity and support the shift to a circular economy, bioeconomics and sustainability supported by science-based innovations and knowledge.
Highlights
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, with an area of 8,547,404 km2, politically and administratively divided into 27 feder ative units, 26 states and one Federal District
We provide an insight into the onset of aquaculture in Brazil and an updated view of the state-of-the-art, including a critical discussion on the currently available production data and the strengths and limitations of the main sectors
We provide a vision for intro ducing new technologies and their likely impact on the future of aquatic organism production in Brazil
Summary
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, with an area of 8,547,404 km, politically and administratively divided into 27 feder ative units, 26 states and one Federal District. (see the list in the Acknowledgments), consulted historical documents, statistical data from different sources, white papers and recent scientific literature to produce an updated overview of the activity in 2020. Based on this compilation, we provide an insight into the onset of aquaculture in Brazil and an updated view of the state-of-the-art, including a critical discussion on the currently available production data and the strengths and limitations of the main sectors. We provide a vision for intro ducing new technologies and their likely impact on the future of aquatic organism production in Brazil
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