Aqua Cobalt Ferrite/Mn–Zn Ferrite Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Nonlinearly Stretching Permeable Sheet in a Porous Medium

Abstract

In the present article, the problem of ferro hybrid nanofluid flow over a nonlinearly stretching permeable sheet in a porous medium has been studied. The main motivation of this research is to present a comprehensive analysis of the hydrodynamics and thermal boundary layers as well as the skin friction and heat transfer as two important quantities of engineering interest for the relevant ferro hybrid nanofluid flow. The ferro hybrid nanofluid is a nanofluid that can be composed of several nanoparticles and has a magnetic property; it means that has its own behavior in the magnetic field. Two different types of ferroparticles, namely, Mn–Zn ferrite (Mn–ZnFe2O4) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) are considered with water as a base fluid. The similarity solution is used to decrease the governing set of partial differential equations (PDEs) to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system, which is solved numerically by the bvp4c function of MATLAB. The effects of pertinent parameters, namely, magnetic parameter, nonlinear velocity parameter, permeability parameter, and volume fraction of the second nanoparticle on velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number are computed and shown through graphs. The prominent novelty of this research is related to the use of ferro hybrid nanofluid as a working fluid, where many studies have been carried out in the field of the determination of heat transfer and skin friction in nanofluids/ferro nanofluids on different geometries. To the best of our knowledge, no one has ever attempted to study the present boundary layer problem with applying ferro hybrid nanofluid. The results of this paper indicate that Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient decrease with increasing magnetic field.