Abstract
Marine biotoxins distribute widely, have high toxicity, and can be easily accumulated in water or seafood, exposing a serious threat to consumer health. Achieving specific and sensitive detection is the most effective way to prevent emergent issues caused by marine biotoxins; however, the previous detection methods cannot meet the requirements because of ethical or technical drawbacks. Aptamers, a kind of novel recognition element with high affinity and specificity, can be used to fabricate various aptasensors (aptamer-based biosensors) for sensitive and rapid detection. In recent years, an increasing number of aptamers and aptasensors have greatly promoted the development of marine biotoxins detection. In this review, we summarized the recent aptamer-related advances for marine biotoxins detection and discussed their perspectives. Firstly, we summarized the sequences, selection methods, affinity, secondary structures, and the ion conditions of all aptamers to provide a database-like information; secondly, we summarized the reported aptasensors for marine biotoxins, including principles, detection sensitivity, linear detection range, etc.; thirdly, on the basis of the existing reports and our own research experience, we forecast the development prospects of aptamers and aptasensors for marine biotoxins detection. We hope this review not only provides a comprehensive summary of aptamer selection and aptasensor development for marine biotoxins, but also arouses a broad readership amongst academic researchers and industrial chemists.
Highlights
Marine biotoxins, known as algal biotoxins, are a large and diverse group of highly active metabolites from marine organisms, and can be accumulated at a high level in water or seafood via the food chain
The advances of aptamers and aptasensors greatly promote the development of marine biotoxins detection, and it is necessary to provide a summary of the recent advances
We summarized the aptamer-related advances for marine biotoxin to provide a comprehensive summary of aptamer selection and aptasensor development for marine biotoxins, including the detailed information of each aptamer and each kind of aptasensor
Summary
Known as algal biotoxins, are a large and diverse group of highly active metabolites from marine organisms, and can be accumulated at a high level in water or seafood via the food chain. Achieving specific and sensitive screening is the most effective way to prevent emergent issues caused by marine biotoxins; the previous detection methods cannot meet the requirements because of ethical or technical drawbacks. The selected aptamer shows high affinity and specificity, and most of the developed aptasensors are simple to be performed with miniaturized instruments to achieve on-site monitoring of marine biotoxins. The advances of aptamers and aptasensors greatly promote the development of marine biotoxins detection, and it is necessary to provide a summary of the recent advances. We summarized the aptamer-related advances for marine biotoxin to provide a comprehensive summary of aptamer selection and aptasensor development for marine biotoxins, including the detailed information of each aptamer and each kind of aptasensor. We forecast the development prospect of aptamers and aptasensors targeting marine biotoxins, based on the existing reports and our own research experience.
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