Abstract
Changes in the kidney structure and function secondaries to diabetes mellitus are the features characterizing diabetic nephropathy (DN). The most frequent functional alteration is albuminuria, which can evolve to chronic progressive renal disease. Untreated DN or with suboptimal therapy can result in an end-stage chronic renal disease. Risk factors for DN include, among others, genetic predisposition, diabetes duration, wrong blood pressure and glycemic controls. Pathological changes include from mesangial expansion to advanced glomerulosclerosis. The referral to a nephrologist is recommended for those patients with progressive nephropathy or suspicion of non-diabetic renal disease.
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