Approximate Analytical Analysis of Unsteady MHD Mixed Flow of Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching Surface

Ali Rehman,Zabidin Salleh

doi:10.3390/fluids6040138

Abstract

This paper analyses the two-dimensional unsteady and incompressible flow of a non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface. The nanofluid formulated in the present study is TiO2 + Ag + blood, and TiO2 + blood, where in this combination TiO2 + blood is the base fluid and TiO2 + Ag + blood represents the hybrid nanofluid. The aim of the present research work is to improve the heat transfer ratio because the heat transfer ratio of the hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of the base fluid. The novelty of the recent work is the approximate analytical analysis of the magnetohydrodynamics mixed non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface. This type of combination, where TiO2+blood is the base fluid and TiO2 + Ag + blood is the hybrid nanofluid, is studied for the first time in the literature. The fundamental partial differential equations are transformed to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the guide of some appropriate similarity transformations. The analytical approximate method, namely the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM), is used for the approximate analytical solution. The convergence of the OHAM for particular problems is also discussed. The impact of the magnetic parameter, dynamic viscosity parameter, stretching surface parameter and Prandtl number is interpreted through graphs. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are explained in table form. The present work is found to be in very good agreement with those published earlier.

Highlights

In the history of fluid mechanics, the derivation of the boundary layer equation and the solution using similarity transformation is the most important area for the researcher
The Nusselt number coefficient decreases for the increasing value of the Prandtl number and Eckert number
This paper reports on the approximate analytical solution of the nonlinear differential equation

Summary

Introduction

In the history of fluid mechanics, the derivation of the boundary layer equation and the solution using similarity transformation is the most important area for the researcher. With the help of boundary layer theory, both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids can be modeled. The results obtained with the help of boundary layer theory have more similarity to the experimental work. Many nonlinear relations are observed for the stress and the rate of strain for non-Newtonian fluids; to express all those properties of non-Newtonian fluids in a single equation is difficult work. The flow due to the stretching sheet of the boundary layer of non-Newtonian fluid has some important application in several manufacturing fields. The non-Newtonian fluid model has a great deal of mechanical applications. The study of heat transfer in nanofluids is of great importance due to their many uses in various sectors

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Discussion

Conclusion