Abstract

Industrial production of veterinary vaccines started in the 1950s introducing the possibility to vaccinate millions of animals. In the meantime veterinary vaccines and mass vaccination became a necessary prerequisite for a modern livestock industry. Nearly all current veterinary vaccines worldwide are conventional vaccines, killed or modified live vaccines. Until now, the only animal infection eradicated by vaccination is rinderpest, and for numerous pathogens no effective and safe vaccine is available. There is an undisputed urgent need to develop novel vaccination strategies with improved efficacy.

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