Appropriate screening interval to detect the development of chronic metabolic diseases

Abstract

AimsWe conducted a cohort study to determine the screening intervals of metabolic disorders. MethodParticipants without diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity who underwent health examinations (2005–2019) in Korea were included. Participants were grouped according to baseline fasting glucose, LDL-C level, blood pressure (BP), and waist circumference (WC). The time to develop metabolic disorders and the percentile of survival time was assessed in each group. ResultThe median follow-up duration was 4.94 years (n=222,413; mean age 37.13 ± 7.49 years). After 8.32(95 %CI 8.22–8.41), 3.01(2.89–3.31), and 1.11(1.03–1.25) years, 10 % of participants developed DM in fasting glucose levels of 100–110, 110–120, and 120–125 mg/dL, respectively. After 8.40(8.33–8.45), 6.33(6.20–6.47), and 1.99(1.97–2.00) years, 10 % developed HTN in BP 120/70, 120/70–130/80, and 130/80–140/90 mmHg, respectively. After 5.99(5.94–6.04), 2.84(2.77–2.90), and 1.36(1.30–1.44) years, 10 % developed dyslipidemia in LDL-C 100–120, 120–140, and 140–160 mg/dL, respectively. After 4.62(4.41–4.80) and 1.67(1.64–1.69) years, 10 % developed abdominal obesity in baseline WC < 80(Women;W)/85(Men;M) and < 85(W)/90(M) cm, respectively. ConclusionIn adults aged 30–40, the screening interval of metabolic disorders should be individualized based on the baseline metabolic derangement. An individual with borderline values may need an annual screening.