Abstract
An overview is given of the present types of sanitation systems used in both rural and urban areas in Southern Africa, with particular reference to Zimbabwe. On-site and off-site dry sanitation methods are described, including different types of pit latrines, with special reference to the Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Latrine. Wet systems with on or off-site disposal methods are briefly described, and details are given of two methods of off-site disposal which are widely used in Zimbabwe, viz Waste Stabilisation Ponds (WSP) and the Modified Activated Sludge (MAS) system for biological nutrient removal. The difficulties of implementing low-cost and incremental sanitation systems are mentioned, and suggestions are made of ways to overcome these difficulties.
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