Abstract

Ovarian cancer, whether it occurs within or near the ovaries, involves different types of malignancies. While most ovarian tumors are benign, the malignant forms make up the most fatal gynecologic malignancies in the United States, as well as in other countries that regularly screen women for neoplasia of the cervix. The ovaries are responsible for maturation of follicles, usually between ages 11 and 50. They regulate maturation of eggs, ovulation, and the cyclical production of sex steroid hormones. Various ovarian cells coordinate these biologic functions. Each of the cell types has the potential to become neoplastic. Tumors may also metastasize to the ovaries from the breasts, colon, appendix, stomach, or pancreas. Bilateral ovarian masses from primary mucin-secreting gastrointestinal tumors are called Krukenberg tumors. This chapter focuses on tumors of epithelial origin, sex cord and stromal tumors, and germ cell tumors.

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