Abstract
Parapneumonic effusions in children occur in three not so sharply defined stages: exudative, fibropurulent, and organising.1 Clinically, parapneumonic effusions can be classified as simple, complicated, or purulent. Simple parapneumonic effusions generally contain free-flowing, sterile fluid with normal glucose and pH. Complicated parapneumonic effusions contain loculated, turbid fluid with lower glucose and pH, and may or may not have organisms. Purulent effusions or empyemas contain infected pus with the lowest values for glucose and pH, but cultures are not always positive due to prior treatment with antibiotics and possibly other factors.
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