Appraising the antibacterial/antioxidant activities of vancomycin as a novel nano-platfom: Characterization, in-vitro assessment and in-vivo radio-tracking in animal models

Abstract

The antibacterial nano-platforms have recently been developed as a result of an increasing prevalence of the bacterial resistance to various standard antibiotics. The aim of this study is to improve the vancomycin antibacterial efficacy against various resistant-bacteria using a unique nano-platform. Vancomycin functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag-VanNPs) were properly synthesized showing a significant UV–Vis absorbance at 426 nm, average particle size of 20 ± 4.3 nm, mean hydrodynamic size of 185 ± 8.5 nm and zeta potential of +19 mV. Ag-VanNPs were investigated for its in-vitro antibacterial activity against various (G + ve and G-ve) bacterial strains declaring a synergistic antibacterial action that outperformed pure vancomycin. Compared to free vancomycin, Ag-VanNPs had showed significant reduction in MIC/MBC concentrations with FIC/FBC indices ≤0.5, suggesting a synergistic action with fewer adverse effects. The in-vitro viability and hemolysis studies revealed that Ag-VanNPs were non-toxic and biocompatible. The in-vivo studies of [131I] I–Ag-VanNPs in normal mice model showed their in-vivo stability and elimination mainly via hepatobiliary and renal pathways. Moreover, significant accumulations of [131I] I–Ag-VanNPs in the inflammatory muscle were seen in the in-vivo distribution of the inflamed mice model, which was represented by the potential T/NT ratios ≥1 at all research time points. Therefore, [131I] I–Ag-VanNPs may have better antibacterial activities against both kinds of Gram bacteria in addition to being a promising anti-inflammatory nano-radiopharmaceutical.